$$\begin{align}&sen(a+b) = sena\;cosb + cosa\;senb\\ &\\ &sen(a-b) = sena\;cosb - cosa\;senb\\ &\\ &\cos(a+b) = cosa\; cosb - sena\;senb\\ &\\ &\cos(a-b) = cosa\; cosb + sena\;senb\\ &\\ &tg(a+b) = \frac{tga + tgb}{1-tga\;tgb}\\ &\\ &tg(a-b) = \frac{tga - tgb}{1+tga\;tgb}\end{align}$$Y una vez dadas vamos con los ejercicios
$$sen\left(\frac{\pi}2 + \alpha\right)=sen(\pi/2)\cos\alpha+\cos(\pi/2)sen\alpha=\cos\alpha\\ \\ \cos\left(\frac{\pi}2 + \alpha\right)=\cos(\pi/2)\cos\alpha-sen(\pi/2)sen\alpha=-sen\alpha\\ \\ tg\left(\frac{\pi}2 + \alpha\right)=\frac{\cos\alpha}{-sen\alpha}=-\frac{1}{tg\alpha}\\$$$$\begin{align}&sen(\pi+\alpha)=sen\pi\;\cos\alpha+ \cos\pi\;sen\alpha=-sen\alpha\\ &\\ &\cos(\pi+\alpha)=\cos\pi\;\cos\alpha-sen\pi\;sen\alpha=-\cos\alpha\\ &\\ &tg(\pi+\alpha)=\frac{-sen\alpha}{-\cos\alpha}=tg\alpha\end{align}$$$$\begin{align}&sen(\pi-\alpha)=sen\pi\;\cos\alpha- \cos\pi\;sen\alpha=sen\alpha\\ &\\ &\cos(\pi-\alpha)=\cos\pi\;\cos\alpha+sen\pi\;sen\alpha=-\cos\alpha\\ &\\ &tg(\pi+\alpha)=\frac{sen\alpha}{-\cos\alpha}=-tg\alpha\end{align}$$Y eso es todo.